Multiple-piston explosion-motor.



Patented Sept. 4, I900. M. F. MARMONIEB. I MULTIPLE PISTON EXPLOSIONMOTOR.

(Application filed Aug. 31, 1899.)

(No Model.)

5 SheetsSheeI l.

m: uonms VETERS coy, wow-Lima. WA$HINETON. n c

No. 657,226. Patented Sept. 4, I900. M. F. MARMONIER.

MULTIPLE PISTON EXPLOSION MOTOR.

(Application filed Aug. 31, 1899.) (No Model.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented Sept. 4, I900. M. F. MARMONIER. MULTIPLE PISTON EXPLOSIONMOTOR.

(Application filed Aug. 31, 1899.) (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

No. 657,226. Patented Sept. 4, I900.

' M. F. MARMONIER.

MULTIPLE PISTON EXPLOSION MOTOR.

(Application filed Aug. 31, 1899.)

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

THE cums Perms cc. worn-Luna, WASHINGTON I10v M. F. MARMONIER.

MULTIPLE PISTON EXPLOSION MOTOR.

-(App1ica.tion filed Aug. 31, 1899.)

(No Model.) 5 Sheets$heet 5.

No. 657,226. Patented Sept. 4, I900.

m: Nomns PETERS co, moroumo. WASHINGTON, n, c.

" wrrnn TATES ATENT OFFiCEI I MULTIPLE-PISTON EXPLOSION-MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 657,226, datedSeptember 4, 1900. Application filed August 31, 1899. Serial No.729,034. (No model.)

To aZZ whom, it Til/60]] concern:

Be it known that I, MARIUS FELIX MAR- MONIER,a citizen of the FrenchRepublic, and a resident ofLyons, in the RepublicofFrance, have inventedcertain new and useful improvements in or Relating to Multiple-PistonExplosion-Motors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an explosion-motor with variable admission andexpansion for the purpose of varying its'power. This motor has theadvantage that whatever be the amount of admission of explosive mixturethe quantity of carbureted air is always in proportion to the quantityof burned gas remaining in the cylinder after the fourth stroke of'themotor and also that if the carburization of air is made by means of aliquid injected into the cylinder the quantity of injected liquid isalways proportional to the quantity of air drawn in. Moreover, the motoris so arranged that the electrical ignition can be timed according tothe quantity of explosive mixture drawn in to delay or to advanceignition.

In the annexed drawings, Figure l is a horizontal section of a motorwith two cylinders constructed according to this invention. Fig. 2 is alongitudinal vertical section of the same on the line A B of Fig. 1.Fig. 3 is a partial section on the line (J D of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a planview, partly in section, of the link represented in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is aview, partly in section, of the regulator for showing the manner inwhich the variation of the power of the motor can be automaticallyobtained, the number of revolutions remaining the same. Fig. 6 is anelevation, partly in section, of the arrangement adopted for the controlof the valves. Fig. '7 is a separate view of the arrangement whichvaries the advance of the ignition at the same time as the admission ofthe explosive-gas is increased or diminished. Fig. 8 is a view inlongitudinal section of the pump for the injection with variabledelivery.- Fig. 9 is a section on line E F of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is adiagrammatic view of the link-motion by means of which the power of themotor can be varied. Figs. 11, 12, 13, ll, and are views of anarrangement for joining the link to the motor-shaft by means of aconnecting-rod without the use of the half-speed shaft. Figs. 16 and 17represent in elevation, partly in section and in a plan view,respectively, a general plan of the motor, the parts of which areillustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9; and Fig. 18 shows anelevation of the motor, the connecting-link of which is controlled bymeans of the device illustrated in Figs. 11, 12, 13, and 14.

a is the main shaft of the motor, and b the shaft which receivesmovement from shaft a and turns at half the speed of said shaft a. Onthe shaft 1) a disk 0 is fastened, forming part of or connected with thetoothed wheel of the transmission-gear of the motor and having acam-groove g, in which a sliding block 01 travels, this block being partof or attached to a lever 6, provided with an elongated slot in one ofits outer ends and working at its other end upon alinkf, articulated ona fixed pivot h of the block 11. In the linkf a guide-block moves, thisguide-block being in two partsj j and carrying between their inner endsa nut it, which can oscillate with the link and screw. (See Fig. 4.) Aconnecting-rod l is pivoted at one end to the top of the guide-blockjand at the other end to an axle or pivot serving also as a cross-bar m,suitably connected with the rods 77. n of the second or auxiliarypistons 0 0, the movement of which in the cylinders 13 p can besimultaneous with those of the pistons q q, whose piston-rods act uponthe motor-shaft in the ordinary manner.

The chest r of the admission and exhaust valves is arranged on eachmotor, so that the port which communicates with the interior of thecylinder is between the two pistons of said cylinder when the pistonsare in their initial position.

A rod 8 is carried by the block '6, in which it can turn withoutlongitudinal displacement and is connected by a Cardan joint with ascrew 25, which traverses the nut k, carried by the guide-block j. therod 3 is placed a hand-wheel t, Fig. 3, or bevel or pinion wheel a, Fig.5, as the guideblock must be moved in the link by hand or otherwise. Inthe latter case the bevel wheel or pinion u gears with another pinion o,driving the friction wheel or pinion 00, adapted to engage with wheel yor wheel z, according as the latter is moved up or down. Thus On theouter end of wheels a: v and shaft 25 can be put in motion in one orother direction, according to whether wheel 00 is in contact with thefriction-wheel 1 or z of the movable sleeve of the governor a, whichreceives its rotating movement in the usual way from the motor. The rod5 carries at a convenient part of its length a screw-thread a, gearingwith the teeth of a sector b, which has movement around a stationaryaxle o and which carries a lever d, connected to the sector directly orthrough axle c. The lever d is connected with the ignition-cam by aconnecting-rod e.

As usual, the cam h for producing the opening of the exhaust-valve isfastened on the axle b, which revolves at half the speed of themotor-shaft a. An angle-lever f is piv oted on an axle g, fastened onthe frame of the motor. It carries on one end a roller in constantcontact with the cam h, and its other end is connected by means of theconnectingrod i with an angle-lever j, pivoted on an axle 1c, fixed onthe motor-frame. One of the ends of the lever j is in constant contactwith the outer end of the rod of the exhaustvalve Z.

A lever m is pivoted on an axle n, fixed on the frame of the motor. Onone of its outer ends this lever m carries a roller constantly incontact with the cam h. The axle of this roller is .placed in a linemaking a right angle with a line passing through the center of theroller carried by the lever ft'. 6., the rollers are ninety degrees aart on the periphery of the cam. On its otier end the lever m isperforated, and through the perforation an axle 0 passes, carried by alever 19, fastened on the axle q outside the chest of the suction valver. Inside the chest of the valve 1" there is fastened also on the axle qa lever s, forked and perforated by oval slots on its oscillatingextremity. Through these oval slots pass the gudgeons of a socket t",abutting on the rod of the valve 0", and the spring a of this valvepresses the socket against the guide 1; for the rod.

The groove g of the disk 0 is concentric to the axle b on half of itscircumference, but varies in its distance from this axle for theremainder of its length, the groove in this half bending toward theaxle, so that its middle is nearer the axle than are the ends which jointhe part of the groove concentric to the axle.

The action of the motor is as follows: The motor being at work thesliding block (1 remains at rest during the time it is in the part ofthe groove 9 which forms the half-circumference concentric to axle b.The block is then caused to approach axle b and then to retire againwhen it has passed the part of the groove 9 which is nearest the axle b.When the disk 0 is fastened on the axle b, so that the sliding block 01is placed during the two first strokes of the motor in'the said part ofthe groove g nearest the axle'b, it follows that during the suction andcompression the slot in the disk has always an alternate move-.

ment of the same extent, communicating to the axle m, by means of theconnecting-rod l, a reciprocating movement of greater orless extentaccording tothe position of the slideblock j on the link f. Whenrevolution of the disk 0 takes place in the direction indicated by thearrow 00 and when the pivot of the connecting-rod Z on the slide-block jis placed under the pivot h, it is clear that during the first strokethe pistons 0 0 are moved a certain distance in the same direction asthe pistons q q, correspondingly reducing the quantity of carbureted airdrawn in. When the compression takes place, (second stroke,) the pistons0 0 return to their initial position, in which they remain during thetwo last strokes of the motor, (explosion and exhaust of the burnedgas,) because the sliding block dis then lodged in that part of thecam-groove g which forms the concentric halfcircumference. Theslide-block j is so placed in the link f with respect to its slantingdirection that the nearer the axle mis to the axle or cross-bar h duringthe four strokes the more reduced in volume is the compression-chamberand the more feeble is the suction. When the sliding block j is movedabove the axle h by means of the screw i when the suction takes place,the pistons 0 0 move a certain distance in a direction reverse to thepistons q q and correspondingly increase the quantity of carbureted airdrawn in, and on the second stroke (compression) these pistons returnagain to their initial position, which they maintain during the twoother strokes.

I would remark that the higher the slideblockj is placed in the link fthe farther is the axle or cross-bar m held away from the axle h duringthe four strokes of the motor and that then the compression-chamber isin-' creased in volume and the suction is greater.

\Vhen the admission of carbureted air has been very feeble, it followsthat at the end of the action of the exploded gas its pressure is lessthan that of the atmosphere and that if this has not been provided for acertain quan tity of the explosive mixture would be sucked up at the endof the third stroke and would so be entirely lost on the fourth stroke;but during the whole third stroke the cam h for i gnition oscillatesthe'lever m on its axle n. A rising of the socket t follows, andconsequently a supplementary momentary tension of the spring it, whichprevents the valve r being displaced from its seat after the secondstroke of the motor.

When the slide-block j is displaced in the link by the rotation of therod 5, obtained by means of the hand-wheel t or by the governor, thesector I) is also displaced angularly sufficiently to move theignition-cam by means of the connecting-rod e, so that the advance ofthe ignition is in proportion to the quantity of carbureted air to beexploded.

It has been supposed hitherto that the suce57,22e a tion-valve 1'' givespassage,when it rises,to the carbureted air as is usual inexplosion-motors; but this motor can also work when only air is suckedin and at the same time liquid hydrocarbon is injected.

In Figs. 8 and 9, f is the link of the motor, and h the pivot of thislink. 0 is the pivot on which the connecting-rod (l is fastened,whichlatter is again pivoted at its other end to a lever 6 oscillating arounda stationary pivot f. A connecting-rod g connects the lever e to the rod7L5, forming the piston to the pumpt' It is obvious that the stroke ofthe piston h is constant. at is the axle of the rod of the second pistonof the motor, upon which is pivoted a connecting-rod to which is joineda lever Z oscillating around the axle m and upon which theconnecting-rod n is pivoted, which latter is again pivoted to the outerend of the rod 0 forming the second piston of the pump It is obviouswithout further explanation that the piston 0 has a variable strokeproportional to the displacement of the axle m, so that the suction ofthe pump i is always in proportion to the air necessary for itsoperation.

The description of the motor with two cylinders is the same as for amotor with one cylinder. It is sufficient in this case to guide the axleor cross-barmin any convenient way. An arrangement by means of which avariable admission and expansion are obtained can be employed withouttheuse of the half-speed shaft-that is to say, by joining the link N to adisk B by means of a connecting-rod K, (see Figs. 11 to 15,) said disk13 being mounted on the shaft 0 of the motor. The disk A is also keyedon the motor-shaft and carries two movable sectors a b with inclinedfaces, the rods of said sectors being parallel to the axis of the motor.The sector a is provided with a weak spring and the sector b with apowerful spring. The disk B is loose on the shaft 0 and has in theinterior thereof a circular groove 0 in which the two said sectors a bslide, and said groove is also provided with two inclined projections 0d. The disk B'carries outside'thereof the crank-pin M or aneccentric-disk joined with the link by the connecting-rod K (See Figs.ll and 18.)

Fig. 14 shows a central section of the two disks. The action by means ofthis arrangement is as follows:

First stroke, (suctiouz) At the beginning of the first stroke the twosectors occupy both the inclined planes 0 (Z in the positions shown inFig. 14. The spring of the sector 19 cffecting upon the inclined plane asufficient pressure, the end plate or disk A revolves the plate or diskB with it. The crank-pin passes from position 1 into position 2 and thelink oscillates from the right to the left.

Second stroke, (compression:) The crankpin hi returns from position 2 toposition 1 and the link oscillates from the left to the right. hen theslide-block occupies on the tom of the groove.

link a position lower than the pivot Z, the connectingrods and the linktransmit to the crank-pin and to the disk 13 a part of the compressionproportional to the course of the counter piston. During this secondstroke the disk B bears on the part- 7 8 of the sector a and transmitsto disk A the motion received.

Third stroke At the moment that the crankpin 1 6 passes the dead-centerthe explosion takes place. The connecting-rod K eilects a great forceupon the crank-pin, and thus renders the disk B immovable. The spring ofthe sector I) not now effecting a sufficient pressure contracts, as doesalso the spring of the sector a, and the disk A continues its forwardmovement alone.

Fourth stroke: The sectors a I) now slide in the circular groove C. Thesprings are regulated so that they do not touch the bot- At the end ofthe fourth stroke the sector a meets the inclined plane 01 but itsspring not being strong enough to allow it to draw with it the disk B iscompressed and the disk A continues its rotation alone. The sector I) inits turn meets the inclined plane 61 the spring is compressed until themovement,-when the sector a passes over the top of the inclined planedand falls into its seat between the two inclined planes 0 and d. Thespring of the sector b then effects a suflicient pressure to draw withit the disk B. The connecting-rods and the link being assisted by thesprings R R the inertia which the sector I) has to overcome in order todraw with it the disk B is very much reduced.

The action of the sectors a and b is progressive. The inclined planes 0and at being conveniently arranged and the springs suitably regulated, aperfect graduated friction can be obtained and a regular movement withgreat speed for the intermittent rotation of the disk B. The link canalso receive a toand-fro movement during the two first strokes of themotor by means of a lever articulated on the crank-pin of a disk mountedloosely on the motor-shaft, this disk having a re cessed throat and twoinclined notches, so that two buffers which can slide in its throat andengage in the notches can, under the action of suitablytensionedsprings, press the disk in order to make it partake, one turn in two, inthe rotating movement of the motor.

I declare that what I claim is- 1. The combination with anexplosion-inotor having one or more cylinders and having variableadmission and expansion, of a second piston in each cylinder, connectedby means of a connecting-rod to a link provided with a screwnut throughwhich passes a screw provided with a Cardan joint, an axle carrying apinion-wheel, a slide-block, aconnecting-rod suitably attached to saidslideblock and provided with a groove, and a friction-roller whichtravels in the groove, of a cam which turns only half so fast as theaxle IIO of the motor and the groove upon which half of itscircumference is concentric with and upon the other half is inclinedtoward the center of the axle.

2. The combination with an explosion-motor having one or more cylindersand having variable admission and expansion, of a second piston in eachcylinder connected by means of a connecting-rod to a link provided witha screw -nut through which passes a screw provided with a Cardan joint,an axle provided with a screw which engages with a toothed sector, alever mounted upon the same axle, and a connecting-rod joining saidlever to the igniting device.

3. The combination with an explosion-motor having one or more cylindersand having variable admission and expansion of a second piston in eachcylinder, connected by means of a connecting-rod to a link provided witha screw-nut through which passes a screw provided with a Card-an joint,an axle provided with a conical wheel gearing with another conical wheelupon the axle of which is mounted a friction-roller, which isintermittently controlled by means of two other conical friction-wheelsmounted upon a tube which is shifted in axial direction by a regulator.

4. The combination with an explosion-motor having one or more cylindersand having variable admission and expansion, of a second piston in eachcylinder connected by means of a connecting-rod to a link, a slideblockthe upper extremity of which is connected by means of a connecting-rodto a lever which by means of a small connectingrod controls a piston ofa pump for pumping liquid hydrocarburet which is provided with a secondpiston controlled by a small connecting-rod, alever, and a link which isconnected to the rod of the auxiliary piston.

5. The combination with an explosion-motor having one or more cylindersand having variable admission and expansion, of a second piston in eachcylinder connected by means of aconnecting-rod toa link provided with ascrew-nut through which passes a screw provided with a Cardan joint, anaxle provided with a pinion-wheel, a slide-block, alink suitablyattached to said slide-block and provided with a groove and a rollerwhich travels in the groove of a cam upon the axle of which is mountedanother cam which controls two levers placed at a right angle, one ofwhich is connected to an angle-lever, and above one of its extremitiesis arranged a discharge-valve in a valve-chest, the second le veractuating another lever, the axis of which, where it enters thevalve-chest, carries a lever connecting by means of a socket with therod of the discharge-valve, a spring being placed between said socketand a Washer fixedly secured upon the end of the valve-rod.

6. The combination of a motor-shaft a, a gear-wheel thereon, a shaft 1),a gear thereon meshing with the first gear-wheel and of twice thecircumference of the first gear-wheel, a disk 0 on shaft 1) havingacam-groove g onehalf of which is concentric with shaft b,'the other halfbending in toward shaft 1), link f, a pivot h therefor, a block movablein the link, a nut connected to said block, a screw 15 for moving saidnut, the screw being adapted to swing with the link, means for turningthe screw, arm c connected to the link, block (1 carried by arm 6 andextending into camgroove g, said groove controlling arm 6' and link f,one or more motor-cylindersp, a main piston q' and an auxiliary piston 0for each cylinder, a piston-rod n for each auxiliary piston, a rod Zbetween the piston rod or rods 01 and the slide-block j, fortransferring motion from the link to rod or rods 71 and piston orpistons 0, the extent of such movement depending on the adjustment ofblock j, a valve-chest for each cylinder and communicating therewithbetween the main and auxiliary pistons, admission and exhaust valves inthe valve-chests, and means for control ling said valves.

7. The combination of a motor-shaft a, a gear-wheel thereon, a shaft b,a gear thereon meshing with the first gear-wheel and of twice thecircumference of the first gear-wheel, a disk 0 on shaft 1) having acam-groove 9 one half of which is concentric with shaft 1), the otherhalf bending in toward shaft 1), link f, a pivot h therefor, a blockmovable in the link, a nut connected to said block, a screw 15 formoving said nut, the screw being adapted to swing with the link, meansfor turning the screw, arm e connected to the link, block 01 carried byarm 6 and extending into camgroove g, said groove controlling arm 6 andlink f, one or more motor-cylindersp, a main piston q and an auxiliarypiston 0 for each cylinder, a piston-rod n for each auxiliary piston, arod Z between the piston rod or rods 01 and the slide-block j, fortransferring motion from the link to rod or rods n and piston or pistons0, the extent of such movement depending on the adjustment of blockj, avalvechest for each cylinder and communicating therewith between themain and auxiliary pistons, admission and exhaust valves in the valvechests, means for controlling said valves, an ignition device, and meansfor adjusting it operated automatically by the means which turn screw 15to adjust nut k.

8. The combination of a motor-shaft a, a gear-wheel thereon, a shaft b,a gear thereon meshing with the first gear-wheel and of twice thecircumference of the first gear-wheel, a disk 0 on shaft 1) having acam-groove 9 one half of which is concentric with shaft b, the otherhalf bending in toward shaft 1), link f, a pivot h therefor, a blockmovable in the link, a nut connected to said block, a screwt for movingsaid nut, the screw being adapted to swing with the link, means forturning the screw, arm 6 connected to the link, block 11 carried by arm6 and extending into camgroove 9, said groove controlling arm 6 and linkf, one or more motor-cylindersp, a main piston q and an auxiliary piston0 for each cylinder, a piston-rod n for each auxiliary piston, a rod Zbetween the piston rod or rods n and the slide'blockj, for transferringmotion from the link to rod or rods n and piston or pistons o, theextent of such movement depending on the adjustment of blockj, avalvechest for each cylinder and communicating therewith between themain and auxiliary pistons, admission and exhaust valves in the valvechests, means for controlling said valves, an ignition device, and meansfor adjustin g it consisting of shafts, means for turning said shaft,sector Z), arm (1, rod 6, operated automatically by the means which turnscrew 15 to adjust nut 7r.

9. The combination of a motor-shaft a, a gear-wheel thereon, a shaft Z),a gear thereon meshing with the first gear-wheel and of twice thecircumference of the first gear-wheel, a disk 0 on shaft 1) having acam-groove g one half of which is concentric with shaft 6, the otherhalfbending in toward shaft 17, linkf, a pivot 7t therefor, a block movablein the link, a nut connected to said block, a screw 6 for moving saidnut, the screw being adapted to swing with the link, means for turningthe screw, arm 6 connected to the link, block d carried by arm e andextending into camgroove g, said groove controlling arm 6 and link f,one or more motor-cylindersp, a main piston q and an auxiliary piston 0for each cylinder, a piston-rod n for each auxiliary piston, a rod Zbetween the piston rod or rods n and the slide-blockj, for transferringmotion from the link to rod or rods n and piston or pistons o, theextent of such movement depending on the adjustment of blockj, avalvechest for each cylinder and communicating therewith between themain and auxiliary pistons, admission and exhaust valves in the valvechests, means for controlling said valves, an ignition device, and meansfor adj usting it operated automatically by the means which turn screw15 to adjust nut 76, pump 1' having a piston h means for reciprocatingit a fixed distance, a second piston 0 and means for moving it avariable distance.

10. The combination in an explosion-motor of cylinders 19, a shaft (4having cranks, pistons q, rods between said pistons and cranks,auxiliary pistons 12 in the cylinders, inletvalves for the explosivematerial communicating with cylinders 19 between the main and auxiliarypistons, shaft 1), cams h thereon, lever on hearing on said cam and bysuitable intermediate parts controlling the inlet-valve, anexhaust-valve Z, angle-lever] one arm of which cooperates with theexhaust-valve rod, rod 2', angle-lever f one end of which is connectedto rod 2, the other end of which bears on cam h, an ignition-cam onshaft 12, rod 6, segment Z), link f pivoted intermediate its ends,adjustable block j carried by the link, means for adjusting blockj,piston-rods n for the auxiliary pistons, a cross-bar m, connectin g-rodZ pivoted to the cross-bar and to block j, a disk with cam-groove g onshaft 12, said groove for half its length being concentric with shaft 1)near the periphery of the disk, the groove for the other half bending intoward the shaft 1) being nearest the shaft at the middle of this halfof the groove, arm 6 at one end pivoted to link f, at the other endhaving an elongated slot through which shaft 1) passes, and block (1secured to rod e and extending into groove 9, said groove being solocated that during the first or suction stroke of the pistons q blockat moves through onequarter of the groove to the part nearest the shaft1), wherebyit will be in position to move outward and forward in thenext quadrant of the groove during the com pression-stroke, and

to enter the concentric part of the groove for the explosion and theexhaust strokes.

11. The combination in an explosion-motor having one or more cylindersand variable admission and expansion, of a working piston for eachcylinder, a second piston in each cylinder, a rod for each of the secondpistons, a connecting-rod Z, a pivoted link, a slide-block therefor towhich rod Z is connected, an axle a, and means operated by rotation ofsaid axle to swing said link.

Signed at Lyons, France, this 17th day of August, 1899.

MARIUS FELIX MARMONIER.

Witnesses:

E. STooHY, D. SrooHY.

